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- A. K. Rai
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Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Sharma, K. K.
- Evaluation of Paulownia-based Tree-crop Intercropping Systems under Rainfed Conditions in Doon Valley
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 11 (2009), Pagination: 1565-1574Abstract
In agroforestry practices generally tree has more pronounced effect on crop growth and yield with increase in its canopy cover. But in the present investigations results indicated that there was no significant (P<0.05) effect of trees on crop. The survival, growth, biomass production and leaf nutrient content of Paulownia were significantly higher as compared with poplar under the agroforestry situation. Similarly, nitrogen (3.02 %) and protein (18.8 %) contents in tree leaves were also highest with the Paulownia clone-GP. Although, the size of the leaves and canopy of Paulownia is larger than the poplars even then influence on yield and yield attributing characters was lesser as the highest yield was recorded under Paulownia only. It is evident from the results that Paulownia and Poplar clones do not have any significant effect on almost all the growth and yield parameters of wheat and maize crops grown in association with trees. The grain yield for wheat crop has a very little difference but maize does not have the difference under the different clones. It indicates the best compatibility of the crops with Paulownia and poplar. it is inferred that over all Paulownia clone-GP out performed all the clones of Paulownia fortunei and Populus deltoides. Thus, the tree has great potential under agroforestry situations in similar agro-climatic conditions of India.Keywords
Paulownia fortunei, Populus deltoides, Agroforestry, Doon Valley, Uttarakhand
- Syzygium cumini Shelterbelt - Effect on Crop Yields
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Indian Forester, Vol 123, No 5 (1997), Pagination: 405-411Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of 25 year old Syzygium cumini shelterbelt grown on north-south direction in single row on the growth and yield of Sorghum vulgare cultivated for fodder on western side of the belt. The results of the study show that mean green fodder yield, plant density and crop height were numerically lowest by 56.72 percent, 73.48 percent and 36.54 percent, respectively upto 5 m from tree belt as compared to the farthest plots located at 20.5 m distance in the open (control). Numerically higher values from these crop parameters were noted at later distances upto 8 m and beyond this uniform pattern'of growth and yield of S. vulgare was found. Therefore, it can be generalized that the impact oftree belt on Sorghum crop can be experienced upto 5 m, there is little impact upto 8 m distance and almost no impact beyond 8 m. The economic losses in green fodder yield in the affected area (220 m2) works out to 198.55 kg per 55 m tree line (one sided) are well compensated by the sale of timber harvested time to time by the farmer.- Agroforestry in Farming Systems Development
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Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 7 (1996), Pagination: 547-559Abstract
Agroforestry and associated outputs expected from practicing in different forms on farmlands are discussed. Traditional practices and sustainable considerations are based on improvement in technologies. Research results of sorne studies have been found beneficial in increasing productivity per unit area. Various species specific agroforestry models developed have been found economically viable propositions for land users.- Influence of Eucalyptus Shelterbelt on Fodder Crop (Sorghum vulgare)
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Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 7 (1996), Pagination: 654-664Abstract
In Northern India, use of Eucalyptus as windbreak/shelterbelt is well accepted but questions concerning the economic impact on crop production system requires through investigations. In this study, the influence of Eucalyptus trees on agriculture crop viz., Sorghum vulgare in terms of plant density, crop height and fodder yield were found negative in the vicinity of tree. Gross income from Eucalyptus trees for 100 m tree line estimated to Rs. 2144 for 61.35 trees in east-west and Rs. 2399.87 for 74.68 trees in north-south tree line. It was concluded that growing Eucalyptus on field boundaries under irrigated condition had very little impact on associated Sorghum crop and the crop losses due to tree line are well compensated by the income received out of sale of trees.- The Growth and Yield of Wheat and Paddy as Influenced by Dalberg1a sissoo Roxb. Boundary Plantation
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Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 12 (1996), Pagination: 1114-1126Abstract
Agroforestry studies using Dalbergia sissoo were conducted to assess the crop productivity under semi-arid conditions. Growth performance of D. sissoo trees intercropped with wheat and paddy showed mean height and gbh as 10.36 m and 53.45 cm, total timber 1.2554 m3 small timber 7.0899 m3 and fuel wood 77.45 q. The gross income from trees calculated as Rs. 24,056.00 for 33 trees pcr 55 m tree line. Crop yields and other crop parameters of wheat especially under tree canopy upto 4 m from tree line declined significantly. In case of paddy such influence was found upto 8m from tree row. The total affected area in the entire plot worked out to 220 m2 in wheat crop and 440 m2 in paddy crop showing a nct loss of 21.23 kg (Rs. 53.00) and 101.20 kg (Rs. 559.00), respectively. The losses to agriculture crops are wen compensated by the gross income Rs.2005/-per year obtained through sale of trees. The conclusions drawn from the studies indicate that D. sissoo trees though effect negatively the agriculture production in the vicinity of tree canopy but it proved viable proposition for practicing as a agroforestry tree species under irrigated conditions. The spacing between trees, pruning and manipulation of crown structure are crucial for minimising the tree losses and increasing the productivity per unit area.- Studies on Tree-crop Interaction in Populus deltoides 'G-3' Bund Plantation under Irrigated Conditions
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Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 102-108Abstract
Growth and yield of wheat crop as influenced by single row bund plantation of Populus deltoides 'G-3' grown on southern aspect of the field in east-west direction were investigated. Results show that wheat grain yield improves in the vicinity of trees. The other crop parameters have shown no significant difference between different distance treatments. The total income from 21 trees works out to be Rs. 8.70000 at 6 years of age. An increase of about 10.63 kg in wheat grain yield in a zone of 15 m from tree line was found.- High Density Short Rotation Poplars for Pulp and Paper Manufacture
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Indian Forester, Vol 117, No 3 (1991), Pagination: 213-224Abstract
Thee paper presents the results on high density plantation of poplars and their avaliability for pulp and paper manufacture as a short rotation crop. The reaults of the study at the age of two years indicated that total air, dried bole-biomass was higher (i.e. 24.4 t/ha) In case of Populus × euramericana '72/58' as compared to Populus deltoldes 'G-3' (17.5 t/ha). At the age ot three years, P. deltoldes 'G-3' had taken the lead and contributed the highest total bole air dried biomass i.e. 52.6 t/ha aa compared to 37.8 t/ha by P. × euramericana '72/58'. At the age of three years for both P. deltoldes '0-3' and P. × euramericana '72/58' the total air dried above ground biomass (bole end branches) was of the order of 55.5 and 45.5 t/ha, reapectlvely. The evaluation of pulping and papermaking qualities on pilot acale, using the woody material of P. × euramericana '72/58' Ind P. deltoldes '0-3' indlclted that a 50 : 50 mixture of 2 Ind 3 years ega wood with bark is suitable for producing wrapping paper from both the species. The laboratory experlments showed that the same mixture with bark is also suitable for producing writing and printing papers.- Effect of High Temperatures on Seeds - Results of a Study with Leucaena leucocephala
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Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 4 (1985), Pagination: 182-194Abstract
High temperatures generated by forest fires have a profound effect on seeds particularly those lying on the forest floor or buried in top layer of the soil. The seeds of different species are known to vary in their tolerance to high temperatures depending on their individual characters chiefly the type of seed coat. While soft seeds are consumed by the fire' the seeds of some species having hard seed coats actually need fairly high temperatures to break the dormacy and to induce germination. Such variations in heat tolerance behaviour of seeds account for the pattern of vegetational succession following burning of an area. Heat tolerance behaviour of seeds of forest as well as agricultural crops has been studied by many workers abroad but no such work appears to have been done in India. The results of a pilot laboratory trial on the seeds of Leucaena leucocephala are discussed in this paper. It has been found that dry heat treatment of 75°-80°C for 5 minutes actually increased the germination whereas temperature range of 125°-130°C for 5 minutes proved lethal for these seeds.- Economics of Eucalyptus Plantations Under Agro-Forestry
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 2 (1984), Pagination: 171-201Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to raising large leale plentations of Eucalyptus spp under Agro-Forestry throughout India to meet the demand for fore firewood, small timber, poles, beams, pape, pulp etc. A shift in the cropping pattern from agriculture to farm forestry has been experienced in the States of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana. Eucalyptus has been planted by the formers on field bunds, along field boundaries, in roilS along water channels and in compact blocks in agriculture fields with variable spacings. The present paper presents the results in respect of economic reasibility or Eucalyptus raised with or without agrlculture on fields bunds and in blocks at varying spacings viz. 2.5 m×2.5 m, 3.0 m×1.5 m, 4.0 m×2.0 m and 6.0 m × 1.0 m on farm lands. Cultivation of Eucalyptus at wider spacing in combination with agriculture crops at 8 years rotation ensures high economic returns.- Germination Behaviour of Various Provenances of Acacia nilotica ssp. Indica
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 5 (1984), Pagination: 435-449Abstract
A study based on 18 treatments comprising 12 provenauces of A. nilotica var. jaquemontii, three provenance. or var. cupressiformis and three provenances of var. vediana was conducted during January-Febrnary, 1984 at Seed Testing Laboratory, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun. The morphological variations and physiological differences and their effect on germination behaviour of seeds of different varieties/provenances of A. nilotica have been recorded and requirement or pretreatment to hasten the germination have been prescribed. Hard seed coat of A. nilotica retards germination and treatment with hot water gives the best results. The results of the study Indicate that out of the various provenances of A. nilotica var jaquemontii, Fazllka, Paatwara, Rohtak and Kurukshetra provenances have proved to be the best.- Poplars in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 9 (1983), Pagination: 591-631Abstract
In the context of raising large scale plaotationo of suitable quick growing species to meet the increasing demands for wood and conservation of environment,various clones of Poplars both indigenous and exotic, have assumed a special significance because of their fast rate of growth in our regulur plantation programmes. Poplars have been found eminently suitable under agro-forestry. The paper presents the results of trials with various clones of Populus species and hybrids conducted in India. Growth and yield estimates of poplars have also been described and tbe expenditure aud expected returns from tbe plantalion. Raised as pure and io combination with agriculture crops have been given. Cultivation of poplars wilh agricultural crops at 8 years rotations ensures high economic returns.- Biomass Production Systems of Poplars and Willows in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 9 (1983), Pagination: 645-654Abstract
no abstract- Effect of Size of Shoot Cuttings on the Growth of Populus × Euramericana '72/58'
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 9 (1983), Pagination: 665-674Abstract
Nine size. of shoot cuttings (viz. 10×0.5, 10×1.0, l0×1.5, 20×0.5, 20×1.0, 20×15, 30×0.5, 30×10, 30×l.5 cm) of Populus × euramuicana '72/58' were tried in a randomized block design with eight replications in the research nursery of the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, to find out tbe optimum size cutting. for vegetative propagation of poplars under Debra Dun conditions Based on the overall performance and development of the plants in respect of sprouting, height and diameter growth and survival per cent etc., it is concluded that for raising plants in one growing season, the length of cuttings should not be less than 20 cm and the thickness should preferably be around 1.5 cm.- Reproduction of Poplars by Seed-Nursery Trials
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 10 (1983), Pagination: 699-705Abstract
Seeds of P. deltoides comprising 10 stands were imported from U.S.A. as part of introduction programme, Different germination medium, type of containers and conditions were tried to obtain higher survivals. The germination medium i.e. two parts soil and one part river sand duly sterilized proved most effective and gave the higher survivals and best shoot development. Enamel trays proved the best container for sowing, poplar seeds. For the first time a break through in raising seedlings of exotic Populus species from seed has been achieved. Individual plants within stands and between stands of P. deltoides showed a wide variation in shoot development indicating a hope for selection of superior individuals for afforestation programmes.- Performance of Different Provenances of Chir Pine in Comparison to Pinus Caribaea, Pinus patula and Pinus kesiya in the Sub-Himalayan Zone
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Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 1 (1982), Pagination: 29-38Abstract
An experiment having 15 treatments comprising of twelve provenance of chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) and one provenance each of P. caribaea. P. potula and P. kesiya was laid out in a rondomized block design with three replications and 36 plants per plot at the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun (India) during 1974, to select suitable provenances/species for afforestation under the sub-Himalayan conditions. The results of the study at the end of three years growth show that P. patula, P. caribaea and P. kesiya gave significantly better height increment than the different provenances of chir pine. lhe Dalhausie, Kulu, Nahan, Durkoti-Chamba and Bilaspur provenances of chir pine gave better diameter increment than P. caribaea, but these provenances of chir pine were inferior in diameter increment to P. patula and P. kesiya, there, however, being no significant difference in diameter increment between P. patula, P. kesiya and the Saraj provenance of chir pine. Different provenances of the indigenous chir pine gave significantly better survival per cent than the three exotic pines under trial. Based on the overall performance in terms of height and diameter growth and survival per cent, P. patula was adjudged as the best species followed by the Saraj, Debra Dun and Bilaspur provenances of chir pine.- Initial Spacing and Growth of Pinus caribaea
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Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 1 (1982), Pagination: 69-74Abstract
The paper presents the results of spacing trials on Pinus caribaea var. bahomensis. The growth data at 8-9 years of age indicate that P. coribaea does possess a potential of high yields and where tree size is not of mach importance as in the case of pulpwood, it should be planted dense i.e. at a spacing of 2 m2. However, from the observation of the plots indicate unhealthy (lanky trees) under closer spacings. It is, therefore, likely that in the years to come the growth in plots with closer spacing may fa1l whereas under wider spacing the crop may continue to be healthier. It is probable that the best spacing might lie between 2 m2 and 2.5 m2. This could only be concluded after the experiment progresses for some more years.- Suitability Trials of Different Species and Provenances of Pines in the Doon Valley of India
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Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 3 (1981), Pagination: 135-150Abstract
An experiment based on 24 treatments comprising of 9 provenances of Pinus caribaea, 6 provenances of P. patula, 2 provenances of P. kesiya, 3 provenances of P. roxburghii and one each of P. gregii P. pseudotrobus, P.leiophylla and P. glabra was laid out in 1974 at the Forest Research Institute, in a randomized block desigrn with three replications to select suitable species/provenances of pines for afforestation under Dehra Dun conditions. The results of the study at the end of three years growth indicate that P. gregii of Mexico origin is the most suited species. The other species/provenances which have given encouring results are P. petula of Newzealand and Malawi orgins, P. caribaea of Nicargua - Alamicamba, and Guatemala-Deten region and P. kesiya of Thailand. The indigenous chir pine (P. roxburghii) of Debra Dun origin was better (or almost as good in overall performance) than certain provenances of P. caribaea, P. patula, P. kesiya and P. glabra. Intensive provenance trials and selection are indicated in the case of P. gregii, P. caribaea, P. kesiya and P. roxburghii.- Control of Damping-off in Pine Nurseries through Seed Dressing with Fungicides
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Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 4 (1981), Pagination: 220-226Abstract
no abstract- Stage of Pricking of Pine Seedlings for Raising Planting Stock
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 5 (1980), Pagination: 319-326Abstract
An experiment to find out the stage at which the pine seedlings should be pricked out from the germination boxes to the polythene bags for raising the nursery stock of Pinus caribaea, P. patula and P. elliottii, was conducted in the research nursery of the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun (India) during 1976-77. Five treatments comprising of direct sowing in polythene bags (T1 ), pricking of seedlings into polythene bags immediately after start of germination (T2), pricking after the seed coat falls from the cotyledons (T3), pricking after the formation of terminal bud (T4) and pricking when the terminal bud opens and starts growing (T5 ), were tried in a randomized block design with five replications and 20 plants per plot. The results of the study show that the seedlings pricked after fall of seed coat gave significantly better height and diameter growth than the seedlings pricked at the other stages, there being no significant difference in between the seedlings pricked just after germination (T2) and those pricked after fall of seed coat (T3) for diameter growth in case of P.patula and P. elliottii and height growth in case of P. elliotii. The different stages of pricking had no significant effect on survival of the seedlings.Based on the overall performance of the seedlings, it is recommended that the young pine seedlings should be pricked from germination boxes into polythene bags just after the seed coat fall from the cotyledons, after germination.- "Triplet Seedlings in Caribbean Pine"
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Indian Forester, Vol 104, No 8 (1978), Pagination: 572-573Abstract
"Triplet seedlings" from a single seed in Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet) were recorded during the course of studies on storage of the seeds.- Suitability and Economics of Bag Size for Raising Seedlings of Pinus patula and Pinus caribaea
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Indian Forester, Vol 103, No 12 (1977), Pagination: 773-786Abstract
15 sixes of polythene bags (viz. T1-6×l0 cm, T2-6×15 cm, T3-6×20 cm, T4-6×25 cm, T5-9×l0 cm, T6-9×l5 cm, T7-9×20 cm, T8-9×25 cm, T9-12×lO cm, T10-12×15 cm, T11-12×20 cm, T12-12×25 cm, T13-15×l5 cm, T14-15×20 cm and T15-15×25 cm) were tried in a randomised block design with three replications to select suitable sizes of bags for propagation of Pinus patula and P. caribaea seedlipgs at the Forest Research Institute, Debra Dun (India). The results of the study show that though bigger bags of sizes 12 × 20 cm and 12 × 25 cm gave somewhat better seedling growth, even the smaller bags of sizes 6 × 10 Cm 6 × 15 Cm and 6 × 20 Cm gave seedlings stock of comparable quality and that there was no significant advantage in using bags of bigger sizes. Keeping in view the results of the study, the cost and the convenience in carriage and handling etc. of the bags of different sizes, the smaller bags of size 6 × 15 cm and 6 × 20 cm are recommended for propagation of pine seedlings instead of bigger bags of 15 × 25 cm being used at present.- Optimum Depth of Sowing for Propagation of Tropical Pines
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Indian Forester, Vol 102, No 9 (1976), Pagination: 555-567Abstract
Eight depths of sowing (viz., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 cm) for three species of pines (viz, Pinus patula, p. caribaea and P. ellioltii) were tried in a randomised block design with four replications in the research nursery of the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun (India) to find out the optimum depth of sowing for 'propagation of the pines under Dehra Dun conditions. The results show that 0.5 and 1.0 cm deep sowings gave the highest emergence energy and germination value in case of P. patula and P. caribaea, while in the case or P. elliottii, 1.5 and 2.0 cm deep sowings proved better. 1.0 cm deep sowings gave significantly higher number of seedlings for P. patula as compared to the other depths tried. For P. caribaea also, 1.0 cm deep sowings gave the highest number of seedlings but there was no significant difference between the sowings done at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm. depths. In case of P. elliottii, 2.0 and 1.5 cm deep sowings gave higher number of seedlings. Based on the overall performance and development of the seedlings In-respect of commencement or germination, total germination germination value, biomass of the seedlings, number of seedlings obtained and survival percent etc., it was concluded that in case of P. patula and P. caribaea. the seed should not be sown deeper than 1.0 cm while for P. elliottii, the sowings should be between 1.5 to 2.0 cm deep.- Effect of Seed Grading by Size on Germination and Growth of Pine Seedlings
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Indian Forester, Vol 102, No 12 (1976), Pagination: 850-858Abstract
A nursery study on Pinus roxburghii, P. caribaea, and P. oocarpa was conducted in the research nursery of the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun (India) to find the effect of seed grading (by size) on germination and growth of pine seedlings. The results show that medium sized seed gave significantly higher mean total germination percent and plant percent as compared to the large or small sized seeds. Moreover, medium sized seed gave higher mean daily germination, peak value (of germination), germiuation value, total biomass, height growth and ischolar_main/shoot ratio of the seedlings as compared to the other two grades. Small sized seed gave significantly higher germination percent and germination value as compared to the large sized seed but the seedlings raised from large, sized seed had higher total biomass than the seedlings raised from the small seed. Seedlings of Pinus roxburghii had the highest Root/Shoot ratio and total biomass, followed by P. oocarpa and P. caribaea.- Standardisation of Nursery Technique of Tropical Pines I. Hastening Germination of Pinus caribaea (var. Hondurensis) and Pinus patula Seeds
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Indian Forester, Vol 100, No 7 (1974), Pagination: 407-421Abstract
As prolongation of the time of germination exposes the valuable seeds of Pinus caribaea & P. patula to several risks, trials were undertaken to use a number of cheap and easily available agents for hastening germination. HCI, HCIO4, cowdung, boiling water and combinations of different durations of soaking and concentrations of H2O2, thiourea sol., KNO3 sol. and water were tried. Lower strengths of H2O2 when used for shorter durations proved effective in both of the cases, albeit for P. patula soaking in water for 18 hrs at ambient temperature was best in increasing overall germination. Higher strengths of H2O2 and higher soaking periods proved inhibitive in case of P. patula; 0.25% to 0.5% thiourea sol. and 0.5% to 1% KNO3 sol. inhibited germination of P. caribaea seed whereas cowdung and boiling water brought down the germination % of the both. Hydrochloric acids proved ineffective except in case of P. caribaea, but there too, it was inferior to H2O2 (3 to 6%) when used for 6 to 18 hrs.- Standardisation of Nursery Technique of Tropical Pines II. Germination Medium for Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis Barr. et. Golf. and P. Patula Schlede & Deppe
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Indian Forester, Vol 100, No 8 (1974), Pagination: 491-496Abstract
no abstract- Standardisation of Nursery Technique of Tropical Pines III. Root Pruning of Pinus patula, Schiede & Deppe Seedlings in Nursery - a Study
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